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STRUCTURAL TESTING
CUBE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

This test is used to determine the compressive strength of a concrete cube, which has usually been made from fresh concrete cast in a standard test mould. The value of compressive strength can then be used to assess whether the batch that the concrete cube represents meets the required compressive strength.
Following cube manufacture and curing, which should both be closely controlled, the cube is crushed at a stated constant speed until it can sustain no further increase in load. The strength is then derived by calculation using the maximum load and cube dimensions.

CYLINDER COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

This test is used to determine the compressive strength of a concrete cylinder, which has usually been made from fresh concrete cast in a standard test mould. The value of compressive strength can then be used to assess whether the batch that the concrete cylinder represents meets the required compressive strength.
Following cylinder manufacture and curing, which should both be closely controlled, the cylinder is crushed at a stated constant speed until it can sustain no further increase in load. The strength is then derived by calculation using the maximum load and cylinder dimensions.

WATER ABSORPTION

This test measures the water absorption of bricks to be used in construction for load bearing walls. Specimens are first sampled from batches in a standard manner. The specimens are then dried, weighed, soaked in water for a standard period and then reweighed.


 

Compressive Strength Test

SOIL TESTING

CBR,LABORATORY, SOAKED SINGLE POINT

The California Bearing Ratio test, commonly abbreviated to CBR, is normally used an empirical measure of road sub-grade strength. This strength value is then often used as either a guide to the design of road layer thicknesses, or to assess compliance of sub-grade against minimum specification values. The test therefore is of use to both contractors and to specifying authorities.

The single point laboratory method is used when the CBR characteristics of the soil are required to be known for a given density and moisture content of the soil, which may differ from conditions in-situ. This is then useful for determining whether a material may meet specification CBR parameters before its actual use on-site.

CBR Test
CBR, LABORATORY, SOAKED THREE POINT

This test covers the determination of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of a soil tested in the laboratory, with a selected overburden pressure, by causing a cylindrical plunger to penetrate the soil at a given rate and comparing the relationship between force and penetration into the soil to that for a standard material. The material is first prepared in moulds to three known densities and moisture contents, to assess the materials CBR performance at varying levels of compaction and moisture.

MODIFIED PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST

This test method covers laboratory compaction procedures used to determine the relationship between moisture content and dry density of soils. The test involves applying a standard compactive effort to five separate samples of increasing moisture content, and measuring the resulting dry density of each sample.

The test result when then yield a value of maximum dry density for a given moisture content, which can then be used to establish a target density for on-site compaction of earthworks.


SOIL TESTING
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION BY SIEVE ANALYSIS

This test method covers the determination of percentile quantity of particles of soil within a sample. The specimen can be either passed through a set of standard sieves in its natural state, or if a significant amount of binding material is present, such as clay, then the sample can first be washed over a small aperture sieve to remove the binding material.m The analysis of particle size is useful in predicting the physical performance characteristics of a soil when used as fill for roads and structures.

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION BY HYDROMETER ANALYSIS

This test method covers the determination of percentile quantity of particles smaller than can be sieved, typically 63µm diameter, normally silt and clay sized particles. The specimen first has larger particles removed by sieving. The material passing the sieve is made up into a suspension with water. The suspension’s reducing density is measured over time, as the particles settle. Using Stokes Law, the diameter of the specimens can then be calculated, based on the speed at which they settle, measured indirectly by the fall in density of the suspension. The analysis of particle size of this type is useful in aiding classification of the soil, and hence its performance as a fill material.

PLASTICITY INDEX

This test method covers the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit and then plasticity index by calculation. In liquid limit, the soil's resistance to penetration by a standard cone is measured at varying moisture contents. The moisture content at which the soil permits a cone penetration of 20mm is then taken as the value of liquid limit. In plastic limit, a soil sample is slowly dried, using the heat of the hands until it can no longer be rolled into a three millimeter thread without cracking and shearing. At this point the moisture content is measured. The analysis is useful in aiding classification of the soil, and hence its performance as a fill material, particularly in swelling and shrinking .

  Hydrometer Test
 
IN-SITU TESTING
CBR IN-SITU

This test covers the determination of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of a soil tested in-situ, with a selected overburden pressure, by causing a cylindrical plunger to penetrate the soil at a given rate and comparing the relationship between force and penetration into the soil to that for a standard material.

DENSITY, IN-SITU, BY NUCLEAR DENSITY METER

Measurement of density of soil in place is most commonly used to assess whether material used as backfill for roads and underneath structures has been adequately compacted.

The benefit of this method over more traditional methods, is that it is simple to conduct, the test result is available immediately, allowing the construction process to continue, and it is non-destructive. This means that the test has benefits for contractors in reducing downtime waiting for material compliance test results.

Despite the use of radioactive materials, the test is perfectly safe for operators and others in the vicinity of the test, provided procedures are strictly adhered to by fully-trained personnel.


  Field Density Test
by Core Cutter Method
 

Field Density Test by
Sand Replacement method

   
 
 
   
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